Car performance can be improved by upgrading as well as by tuning. These are related but not the same thing. Upgrading is replacing a car's parts with better parts, like swapping out stock exhaust for titanium for weight reduction or adding a turbo charger for extra power. Tuning is tweaking settings, like wheel camber and toe, ride height, or brake bias. In racing games that feature tuning, like Forza Motorsport, some cars can be tuned right away, while many others may require first upgrading by replacing stock parts with adjustable parts. Two identical cars with identical parts can still perform differently with different tuning setups, with a good tuning setup capable of shaving several seconds off of a lap versus default settings, while a bad setup can be devastating.
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